Wikipedia:Takelaka/9 2021

Ny hindoisma dia fivavahana sy filôzôfia ary fomba fiainana mbola be mpanaraka izay nipoitra ao amin' ny zana-kôntinenta indiana ka atao hoe Hindoa na Hindo ny mpanaraka azy. Isan' ireo fivavahana tranainy indrindra eran' izao tontolo izao izay mbola misy manaraka izy^[1]. Ny ankamaroan' ny Hindoa dia mino ny fahefan' ireo boky atao hoe Veda ^[2] izay ekeny fa nambara tamin' ny olombelona "tsy araka ny fomban' olombelona" (apauruṣeya)^[3] tamin' ny alalan' ilay andriamanitra mpamorona atao hoe Brahmā (na Brahmâ) araka ny fandrenesan' ireo Rishi (izany hoe "mpahita")^[4]. Tsy fantatra ny nanoratra ny lahatsoratra ao amin' ireo Veda ireo ary ny sasany dia anganongano no ahafantarana azy tahaka an' i Vyāsa.

Tsy manana mpanorina sy tsy misy andrim-pitantanana voalamina amin' ny fomba ranoray ny hindoisma satria ireo mpampianatra ny finoana, atao hoe Brahmana, dia samy manana ny fikambanam-pampianaram-pinoana misy azy^[5] ^[6].

Raha hatao hoe "fivavahana" fotsiny ny hindoisma dia tsy tokony hampitovina amin' ny andraisan' ny kristianisma na ny jodaisma ny hoe "fivavahana" izy satria hafa ny fandaminana hita ao na hatramin' ny ivon' ny fampianaram-pinoany aza^[7]. Mampiavaka ny hindoisma ny toetrany izay ahitana fanambarana karazana finoana sy fanao avy amin' ny fivavahana samihafa (sinkretisma).

Ny Persiana tamin' ny taonjato faha-5 no nanome anarana ny mponin' ny vinanin' ny renirano Indo amin' io anarana Hindoa io izay niita-kevitra ka lasa nilazana ny mponin' ny zana-kôntinenta indiana iray manontolo. Avy amin' ny teny sankrita hoe sindhu izay midika hoe "ony" ny teny nogasina hoe hindo ka manondro indrindra ny renirano Indo izany. Tamin' ny voalohany (taonjato faha-5) ny teny persana hoe hindu (izay gasina eto hoe hindoa) dia nilazan' ny Silamo ny mponina ao amin' ny lemaka eo am-pivarinan' ny renirano Indo any an-dranomasina^[8].

Ny hindoisma dia fitambaran-kevitra filôzôfika nolovaina hatrany alohan' ny nahafantarana ny tantara indiana^[9]. Ny fampiaharana ny hindoisma amin' ny fiainana dia avy tamina lovantsofina tranainy dia tranainy, manakaiky ny atao hoe animisma. Azo zaraina telo ny tantaran' io fivavahana io ka ny hindoisma, araka ny ahafantarana azy amin' izao, no dingana farany taorian' ny vedisma (taona 1500 - 500 tal. J.K.) sy ny brahmanisma (600 tal. J.K. - 500 taor. J.K.)^[10]. Ao amin' ny zana-kôntinenta indiana no tena betsaka mpanaraka ny hindoisma nefa ahitana azy koa ireo toerana ivelan' i India izay ahitana Indiana mpifindra monina toa an' i Afrika Atsinanana sy Atsimo, i Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana, ireo Antilia ary i Angletera. (tohiny...)

↑ Lester R. Kurtz, Gods in the global village: the world's religions in sociological perspective, Pine Forge Press, 2007 : "Hinduism — or Sanatana Dharma, as some believers prefer to call it — is a religious tradition that encompasses layers of complex deposits from many different cultures over the centuries. Its remarkable diversity and doctrinal tolerance (…)".
↑ Ny teny hoe Véda dia midika hoe "fahitana" na "fahalalana".
↑ आदि शङ्कर (Ādi Śaṅkarācārya), Âtma-bodha, dikan-teny sy fanavarihana nataon'i S. Nikhilananda, Madras, 1987, Edisiona faha-7.
↑ Madeleine Biardeau, L'hindouisme, anthropologie d'une civilisation, Flammarion.
↑ Sept Upanishads. Jean Varenne. Édition du Seuil, 1981, p. 13 (ISBN 9782020058728).
↑ Jeffery D. Long (en), Historical Dictionary of Hinduism, Scarecrow Press, 9 septembre 2011 (ISBN 978-0-8108-7960-7, vakio eto [tahiry]), p. 19: « it has no founder and no central administrative institution. »
↑ Ny Nyâya dia manaiky ny fahefan'ireo Veda nefa milaza koa fa tsy anitya ("tsy maharitra") izy ireo no sady paurusheya ("araka ny fomban'olombelona"). Le Nyâya-sûtra de Gautama Akshpâda, dikan-tenin'i Michel Angot, edisiona Les Belles Lettres, p. 58 (ISBN 978-2-251-72051-7)
↑ Gerhard J. Bellinger, Encyclopédie des religions, Librairie Générale Française, 2000 (ISBN 9782253131113), p. 352-426.
↑ C.A. Jones et J.D. Ryan, Encyclopedia of Hinduism, natontan'ny Checkmark Books, pejy XVII (ISBN 0816073368).
↑ Alexandre Astier, Comprendre l'hindouisme, Éd. Eyrolles, 2007, p. 11 (ISBN 978-2-7081-3720-2).

[1] Lester R. Kurtz, Gods in the global village: the world's religions in sociological perspective, Pine Forge Press, 2007 : "Hinduism — or Sanatana Dharma, as some believers prefer to call it — is a religious tradition that encompasses layers of complex deposits from many different cultures over the centuries. Its remarkable diversity and doctrinal tolerance (…)".

[2] Ny teny hoe Véda dia midika hoe "fahitana" na "fahalalana".

[3] आदि शङ्कर (Ādi Śaṅkarācārya), Âtma-bodha, dikan-teny sy fanavarihana nataon'i S. Nikhilananda, Madras, 1987, Edisiona faha-7.

[4] Madeleine Biardeau, L'hindouisme, anthropologie d'une civilisation, Flammarion.

[5] Sept Upanishads. Jean Varenne. Édition du Seuil, 1981, p. 13 (ISBN 9782020058728).

[6] Jeffery D. Long (en), Historical Dictionary of Hinduism, Scarecrow Press, 9 septembre 2011 (ISBN 978-0-8108-7960-7, vakio eto [tahiry]), p. 19: « it has no founder and no central administrative institution. »

[7] Ny Nyâya dia manaiky ny fahefan'ireo Veda nefa milaza koa fa tsy anitya ("tsy maharitra") izy ireo no sady paurusheya ("araka ny fomban'olombelona"). Le Nyâya-sûtra de Gautama Akshpâda, dikan-tenin'i Michel Angot, edisiona Les Belles Lettres, p. 58 (ISBN 978-2-251-72051-7)

[:0-8] Gerhard J. Bellinger, Encyclopédie des religions, Librairie Générale Française, 2000 (ISBN 9782253131113), p. 352-426.

[9] C.A. Jones et J.D. Ryan, Encyclopedia of Hinduism, natontan'ny Checkmark Books, pejy XVII (ISBN 0816073368).

[10] Alexandre Astier, Comprendre l'hindouisme, Éd. Eyrolles, 2007, p. 11 (ISBN 978-2-7081-3720-2).

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