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• pre-contact distribution of Na-Dene languages
• destribuzión de as luengas na-dene
• distribució de les parles Na-Dené abans del contacte
• Verbreitung der Na-Dene-Sprachen
• distribution pré-coloniale des langues na-déné
• Na-Denétalen
• Języki na-dene

info

• created by en:User:ish ishwar in 2005
• released under CC-by-2.0

Map redrawn and modified from a map by cartographer Roberta Bloom appearing in Mithun (1999:xviii-xix).

Additional references include Mithun (1999:xx-xxi, 606-616), Goddard (1996) (contains a very nice color map), Sturtevant (1978-present), Campbell (1997:353-376).

• Na-Dene languages are in red.
• Na-Dene here excludes the Haida language. The Haida affiliation is currently considered undemonstrated by most specialists.

(cf. Image:Langs N.Amer.png)

bibliography

• Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
• Goddard, Ives (Ed.). (1996). Languages. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-1604-8774-9.
• Goddard, Ives. (1999). Native languages and language families of North America (rev. and enlarged ed. with additions and corrections). [Map]. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press (Smithsonian Institute). (Updated version of the map in Goddard 1996). ISBN 0-8032-9271-6.
• Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
• Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978-present). Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 1-20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. (Vols. 1-3, 16, 18-20 not yet published).

Ce fichier est disponible selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Générique.

Azonao am-palalahana:

• ny mizara – ny mandika, mizara sy manome ity vokatr'asa ity
• ny mamerina – ny manova ity vokatr'asa ity

Raha manaraka ireo fepetra ireo :

• mahalala ny namorona azy voalohany – Tsy maintsy manome fampahalalana arifomba momba ny mpamorona ianao, manome rohy manondro ny fahazoan'alalana ary raha nisy fiovana natao. Azonao atao amin'izay fomba rehetra azo atao izany zavatra izany, fa tsy amin'ny fomba milaza hoe manohana na manaiky ny fampiasanao an'ilay asa ilay mpamorona.

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